ʻO Vinyl acetate (VAc), i ʻike ʻia ʻo vinyl acetate a i ʻole vinyl acetate, he wai aniani ʻole i ka mahana maʻamau a me ke kaomi, me ke ʻano molekala o C4H6O2 a me ke kaumaha molekala pili o 86.9.ʻO VAc, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea ʻenehana ʻenehana nui loa i ka honua, hiki ke hana i nā derivatives e like me ka polyvinyl acetate resin (PVAc), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a me polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ma o ka polymerization ponoʻī a i ʻole copolymerization me nā monomers ʻē aʻe.Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau derivatives i ke kūkulu ʻana, textiles, mīkini, lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka lepo.Ma muli o ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana terminal i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hōʻike ka hana ʻana o ka vinyl acetate i ke ʻano o ka hoʻonui ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka nui o ka hana ʻana o ka vinyl acetate a hiki i 1970kt ma 2018. I kēia manawa, ma muli o ka mana o nā mea maka a ʻO nā kaʻina hana, ʻo nā ala hana o ka vinyl acetate ka nui o ke ʻano acetylene a me ke ʻano ethylene.
1, kaʻina hana acetylene
I ka makahiki 1912, ua ʻike mua ʻo F. Klatte, he kanaka Kanada, i ka vinyl acetate me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka acetylene a me ka acetic acid ma lalo o ke kaomi o ka lewa, ma nā mahana mai 60 a 100 ℃, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā paʻakai mercury ma ke ʻano he catalysts.I ka makahiki 1921, ua hoʻomohala ʻo German CEI Company i kahi ʻenehana no ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o ka vapor phase o vinyl acetate mai ka acetylene a me ka acetic acid.Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻomau ka poʻe noiʻi mai nā ʻāina like ʻole i ke kaʻina hana a me nā kūlana no ka synthesis o vinyl acetate mai acetylene.I ka makahiki 1928, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Hoechst Company o Kelemānia i kahi 12 kt/a vinyl acetate production unit, e ʻike ana i ka hana ʻoihana nui o ka vinyl acetate.ʻO ka hoohalike no ka hana ʻana i ka vinyl acetate ma ke ʻano acetylene penei:
Pane nui:

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao:

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano acetylene i ke ʻano hana wai a me ke ʻano hana kinoea.
ʻO ke kūlana reactant o ka acetylene liquid phase method he wai, a ʻo ka reactor he pahu hopena me kahi mea hoʻoulu.Ma muli o nā hemahema o ke kaʻina hana wai e like me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka nui o nā huahana, ua hoʻololi ʻia kēia ʻano hana e ka acetylene gas phase method i kēia manawa.
Wahi a nā kumu like ʻole o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ke kinoea acetylene, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina hana acetylene gas i loko o ke ʻano hana acetylene Borden maoli a me ke ʻano carbide acetylene Wacker.
Hoʻohana ke kaʻina hana ʻo Borden i ka waikawa acetic ma ke ʻano he adsorbent, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka acetylene.Eia nō naʻe, paʻakikī kēia ala kaʻina hana a koi aku i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe, no laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano hana ma nā wahi i waiwai i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe.
Hoʻohana ke kaʻina Wacker i ka acetylene a me ka acetic acid i hana ʻia mai ka calcium carbide e like me nā mea maka, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka catalyst me ka carbon activated e like me ka mea lawe a me ka zinc acetate ma ke ʻano he mea ikaika, e synthesize i ka VAc ma lalo o ke kaomi ʻana o ka lewa a me ka mahana wela o 170 ~ 230 ℃.He maʻalahi ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana a he haʻahaʻa nā kumu kūʻai, akā aia nā hemahema e like me ka maʻalahi o ka nalowale ʻana o nā mea hana catalyst, ʻilihune paʻa, kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu, a me ka pollution nui.
2、Ethylene kaʻina
ʻO ka Ethylene, ka oxygen, a me ka glacial acetic acid ʻekolu mau mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ethylene synthesis o ke kaʻina hana vinyl acetate.ʻO ka mea hana nui o ka catalyst ka mea maʻamau ka hui ʻewalu noble metal element, i hana ʻia ma kekahi ʻano wela a me ke kaomi.Ma hope o ka hoʻoili ʻana ma hope, loaʻa hope ka huahana vinyl acetate.Penei ka hoohalike pane.
Pane nui:

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao:

Ua hoʻokumu mua ʻia ke kaʻina hana ethylene vapor e Bayer Corporation a ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka hana ʻenehana no ka hana ʻana i ka vinyl acetate ma 1968. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā laina hana ma Hearst a me Bayer Corporation ma Kelemānia a me National Distillers Corporation ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.ʻO ia ka palladium a i ʻole ke gula i hoʻouka ʻia ma nā kākoʻo kūpaʻa waika, e like me ka silica gel beads me kahi radius o 4-5mm, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi nui o ka potassium acetate, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana a me ka koho o ka catalyst.ʻO ke kaʻina hana no ka synthesis o ka vinyl acetate me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ethylene vapor phase USI ke ʻano like me ke ʻano Bayer, a ua māhele ʻia i ʻelua ʻāpana: synthesis a me ka distillation.Ua hoʻokō ka hana USI i ka noi ʻoihana ma 1969. ʻO nā mea ikaika o ka catalyst ka nui o ka palladium a me ka platinum, a ʻo ka mea kōkua he potassium acetate, i kākoʻo ʻia ma kahi mea lawe alumina.He maʻalahi nā kūlana hoʻololi a he lōʻihi ke ola o ka catalyst, akā haʻahaʻa ka hua o ka manawa-manawa.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke ʻano acetylene, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ke ʻano o ka ethylene vapor phase i ka ʻenehana, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi mau nā catalysts i hoʻohana ʻia i ke ʻano ethylene i ka hana a me ke koho.Eia nō naʻe, pono e ʻimi ʻia ke ʻano kinetic reaction a me ka hoʻopau ʻana.
ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka vinyl acetate me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano ethylene e hoʻohana i kahi reactor moe paʻa tubular i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka catalyst.Komo ke kinoea hānai i loko o ka reactor mai luna, a i ka wā e hoʻopili ai i ka moena catalyst, hiki mai nā hopena catalytic e hoʻohua i ka huahana vinyl acetate a me kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ke kalapona kalapona.Ma muli o ke ʻano exothermic o ka hopena, hoʻokomo ʻia ka wai kaomi i loko o ka ʻaoʻao pūpū o ka reactor e hoʻoneʻe i ka wela wela ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka vaporization o ka wai.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke ʻano acetylene, ʻo ke ʻano ethylene nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o ka mīkini paʻa, ka hoʻopuka nui, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu haʻahaʻa, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kāna huahana ma mua o ke ʻano acetylene.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, a ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ke kūlana corrosion.No laila, ua hoʻololi mālie ke ʻano ethylene i ke ʻano acetylene ma hope o nā makahiki 1970.Wahi a nā helu helu ʻole, ma kahi o 70% o VAc i hana ʻia e ke ʻano ethylene i ka honua i lilo i kumu nui o nā ʻano hana hana VAc.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka ʻenehana hana VAc kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua ʻo BP's Leap Process a me Celanese's Vantage Process.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke kaʻina hana ethylene pae moena moe maʻamau, ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui kēia mau ʻenehana kaʻina ʻelua i ka reactor a me ka catalyst ma ke kumu o ka ʻāpana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka palekana o ka hana ʻana.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Celanese i kahi kaʻina Vantage moena paʻa hou e hoʻoponopono ai i nā pilikia o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka moena catalyst a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ethylene haʻahaʻa hoʻokahi i loko o nā reactors moe paʻa.ʻO ka reactor i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia kaʻina hana he moena paʻa, akā ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana catalyst, a ua hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻolaʻa ethylene i loko o ke kinoea huelo, e lanakila ana i nā hemahema o nā kaʻina hana moe paʻa.ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka huahana vinyl acetate ma mua o nā mea like.Hoʻohana ka catalyst kaʻina i ka platinum ma ke ʻano he mea hana nui, ka silica gel ma ke ʻano he catalyst carrier, sodium citrate ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻemi, a me nā metala kōkua ʻē aʻe e like me ka lanthanide rare earth elements e like me praseodymium a me neodymium.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā catalysts maʻamau, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka koho, ka hana, a me ka manawa-manawa o ka catalyst.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻo BP Amoco i kahi kaʻina hana ethylene gas phase fluidized bed, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka Leap Process process, a ua kūkulu ʻo ia i kahi moena 250 kt/a fluidized moena ma Hull, ʻEnelani.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia kaʻina hana no ka hana ʻana i ka vinyl acetate hiki ke hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai hana ma 30%, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka manawa manawa o ka catalyst (1858-2744 g / (L · h-1)) ma mua o ke kaʻina hana moe paʻa (700). -1200 g/(L · h-1)).
Ke hoʻohana nei ke kaʻina hana LeapProcess i kahi reactor moe hoʻoheheʻe wai no ka manawa mua, nona nā mea maikaʻi aʻe i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi reactor moe paʻa:
1) I loko o kahi moena hoʻoheheʻe wai, ua hui pū ʻia ka catalyst, a laila e hāʻawi i ka hoʻoheheʻe like ʻana o ka mea hoʻolaha a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i kahi ʻano kūlike o ka mea hoʻolaha i ka reactor.
2) Hiki ke hoʻololi mau i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wai i hoʻopau ʻia me ka catalyst hou ma lalo o nā kūlana hana.
3) He mau ka wela o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka moe, e hōʻemi ana i ka deactivation catalyst ma muli o ka overheating kūloko, a laila e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe o ka catalyst.
4) ʻO ke ʻano hoʻoneʻe wela i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka moena hoʻoheheʻe wai e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke ʻano reactor a hoʻemi i kona leo.I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi hoʻolālā reactor hoʻokahi no nā hoʻonohonoho kemika nui, e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka pono o ka paona.