inoa huahana:polyurethane

Huahana molecular structure:

Nā waiwai kemika:

Ua hana mua ʻia ka polyurethanes a ua noiʻi ʻia e Kauka Otto Bayer i ka makahiki 1937. ʻO ka polyurethane kahi polymer kahi i loaʻa ai i ka ʻāpana hana hou kahi urethane moiety. ʻO nā Urethanes nā mea i loaʻa i nā waikawa carbamic e noho wale ana ma ke ʻano o kā lākou esters[15]. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o ka PU ʻo ia ʻaʻole i haku wale ʻia ke kaulahao o nā kalapona kalapona akā ʻo nā heteroatoms, oxygen, carbon a me ka nitrogen [4]. No nā hana ʻoihana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi pūhui polyhydroxyl. Pēlā nō, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pūhui nitrogen poly-functional ma nā loulou amide. Ma ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka polyhydroxyl a me ka polyfunctional nitrogen compound, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā PU like ʻole [15]. Hoʻohana ʻia nā resins polyester a i ʻole polyether i loaʻa nā hui hydroxyl e hana i ka polyesteror polyether-PU, kēlā me kēia [6]. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o ka helu o nā pani a me ka spacing ma waena a ma loko o nā kaulahao lālā e hoʻopuka ai i nā PU mai ka laina laina a i lālā a 9exible a i ʻole. Hoʻohana ʻia nā PU Linear no ka hana ʻana i nā fibers a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana [6]. Hoʻohana ʻia nā PU maʻalahi i ka hana ʻana i nā mea paʻa a me nā uhi [5]. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻoihana i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā PU i hana ʻia. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā prepolymers nuipa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hana ʻia nā copolymers poloka. Hiki i ka hui hydroxyl terminal ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kaulahao PU. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i kēia mau ʻāpana e hopena i nā pae like ʻole o ka ikaika tensile a me ka elasticity. ʻO nā poloka e hāʻawi ana i ka māhele crystalline paʻa a loaʻa ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao i kapa ʻia he mau ʻāpana paʻakikī [7]. ʻO ka poʻe e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻāpana rubbery amorphous a loaʻa ka polyester/polyether i kapa ʻia nā ʻāpana palupalu. Ma ke kālepa, ʻike ʻia kēia mau polimer poloka ʻo Pus ʻāpana

Noi:

ʻO ka polyurethane hiki ke hoʻololi i ka laina laina me ka thermoplasticity, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa, ke kūpaʻa kemika, ka resilience a me nā waiwai mechanical ma mua o ka PVC foam, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana. Loaʻa iā ia ka insulation thermal maikaʻi, ke kani ʻana o ke kani, ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu a me nā waiwai anti-toxic. No laila, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka insulation leo a me nā mea kānana. ʻO ka plastic polyurethane paʻa he māmā, hoʻopaʻa leo, ʻoi aku ka wela wela, kūpaʻa kemika, nā waiwai uila maikaʻi, hana maʻalahi, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka wai. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo ia e like me nā mea hana no ke kūkulu ʻana, kaʻa, ʻoihana mokulele, ka wela wela a me ka insulation thermal. Hana ʻia ka polyurethane elastomer ma waena o ka plastic a me ka lāʻau, ka aila kūpaʻa, ka pale ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ke kūpaʻa ʻelemakule, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ka elasticity. Hoʻohana nui ia i ka ʻoihana kāmaʻa a me ka ʻoihana lapaʻau. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka polyurethane i nā adhesives, coatings, synthetic leather, etc.