E kālailai kēia ʻatikala i nā huahana nui i loko o ke kaulahao ʻoihana C3 o Kina a me ka ʻimi noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana.

(1)ʻO ke kūlana o kēia manawa a me ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana Polypropylene (PP).

Wahi a kā mākou noiʻi ʻana, aia nā ʻano like ʻole e hana ai i ka polypropylene (PP) ma Kina, ma waena o nā kaʻina koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana paipu kūlohelohe kūloko, Unipol kaʻina o Daoju Company, Spheriol process o LyondellBasell Company, Innovene process of Ineos Company, Novolen process. o Nordic Chemical Company, a me ke kaʻina hana Spherizone o LyondellBasell Company. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau kaʻina hana e nā ʻoihana PP Kina. ʻO kēia mau ʻenehana ka hapanui e hoʻomalu i ka helu hoʻololi o propylene i loko o ka laulā o 1.01-1.02.

Hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana apo apo home i ka ZN catalyst i hoʻomohala kūʻokoʻa, i kēia manawa i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana apo apo lua. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia kaʻina hana ma luna o nā catalysts i kūkulu ʻia, asymmetric electron donor technology, a me propylene butadiene binary random copolymerization technology, a hiki ke hana i ka homopolymerization, ethylene propylene random copolymerization, propylene butadiene random copolymerization, a me ka hopena kū'ē copolymerization PP. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā hui e like me Shanghai Petrochemical Third Line, Zhenhai Refining and Chemical First and Second Lines, a me Maoming Second Line ua hoʻohana i kēia kaʻina hana. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā hale hana hou i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua manaʻo ʻia ke kaʻina hana paipu kaiapuni ʻekolu o ka hanauna e lilo i ke kaʻina paipu kūlohelohe kūloko.

Hiki i ke kaʻina hana Unipol ke hana i nā homopolymers, me ka melt flow rate (MFR) o 0.5 ~ 100g / 10min. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka hapa nui o ka ethylene copolymer monomers i nā copolymers random hiki ke hiki i 5.5%. Hiki i kēia kaʻina hana ke hana i kahi copolymer maʻamau o propylene a me 1-butene (inoa kālepa CE-FOR), me kahi hapa nui o ka lāʻau a hiki i ka 14%. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ethylene i loko o ka copolymer hopena i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina Unipol hiki ke hiki i 21% (ʻo ka hapa nui o ka lāʻau he 35%). Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana i nā hale o nā ʻoihana e like me Fushun Petrochemical a me Sichuan Petrochemical.

Hiki i ke kaʻina hana Innovene ke hana i nā huahana homopolymer me kahi ākea o ka melt flow rate (MFR), hiki ke hiki i ka 0.5-100g / 10min. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o kāna huahana ma mua o nā kaʻina hana polymerization gas-phase. ʻO ka MFR o nā huahana copolymer random he 2-35g/10min, me ka hapa nui o ka ethylene mai 7% a 8%. ʻO ka MFR o nā huahana copolymer kū'ē i ka hopena he 1-35g/10min, me ka hapa nui o ka ethylene mai 5% a 17%.

I kēia manawa, ʻoi loa ka ʻenehana hana nui o PP ma Kina. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻoihana polypropylene i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka aila ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāpana hana, nā koina hana, nā waiwai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma waena o kēlā me kēia ʻoihana. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻāpana hana i uhi ʻia e nā kaʻina hana like ʻole, hiki i nā kaʻina hana nui ke uhi i ka māhele huahana holoʻokoʻa. Eia nō naʻe, e noʻonoʻo ana i nā ʻano huahana maoli o nā ʻoihana e kū nei, aia nā ʻokoʻa nui i nā huahana PP ma waena o nā ʻoihana like ʻole ma muli o nā kumu e like me ka geography, nā ʻenehana ʻenehana, a me nā mea maka.

(2)Kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā ʻano hoʻomohala o ka ʻenehana Acrylic Acid

ʻO ka ʻakika Acrylic kahi mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi kemika i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā adhesives a me ka wai-soluble coatings, a ua hana maʻamau ʻia i butyl acrylate a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Wahi a ka noiʻi, aia nā kaʻina hana like ʻole no ka waikawa acrylic, me ke ʻano chloroethanol, ke ʻano cyanoethanol, ke ala Reppe kiʻekiʻe, ke ʻano enone, ke ʻano Reppe i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, ke ʻano ethanol formaldehyde, ke ʻano acrylonitrile hydrolysis, ke ʻano ethylene, ke ʻano o ka propylene oxidation, a me ka biological. ʻano hana. ʻOiai aia nā ʻano hoʻomākaukau like ʻole no ka waikawa acrylic, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o ia mau mea i ka ʻoihana, ʻo ke kaʻina hana nui loa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ʻo ia ka oxidation pololei o ka propylene i ke kaʻina waikawa acrylic.

ʻO nā mea maka no ka hana ʻana i ka waikawa acrylic ma o ka propylene oxidation ka nui o ka mahu wai, ka ea, a me ka propylene. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, hoʻokō ʻia kēia mau mea ʻekolu i nā hopena oxidation ma o ka moena catalyst ma kekahi ʻāpana. ʻO ka propylene ka mea mua i hoʻokahe ʻia i acrolein i loko o ka reactor mua, a laila hoʻoneʻe hou ʻia i ka waikawa acrylic i loko o ka reactor ʻelua. He hana hoʻoheheʻe ka wai i loko o kēia kaʻina hana, e pale ana i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā pahū a me ke kāohi ʻana i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao. Eia nō naʻe, ma waho aʻe o ka hana ʻana i ka waikawa acrylic, hana pū kēia kaʻina hana i ka acetic acid a me ka carbon oxides ma muli o nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

Wahi a ka noiʻi ʻana a Pingtou Ge, ʻo ke kī i ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana oxidation acrylic aia i ke koho ʻana i nā catalysts. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā hui e hiki ke hāʻawi i ka ʻenehana waikawa acrylic ma o ka propylene oxidation e komo pū me Sohio ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Japan Catalyst Chemical Company, Mitsubishi Chemical Company ma Iapana, BASF ma Kelemānia, a me Iapana Chemical Technology.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana Sohio ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa he hana koʻikoʻi no ka hana ʻana i ka waikawa acrylic ma o ka propylene oxidation, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka propylene, ea, a me ka mahu wai i loko o ʻelua moʻo i hoʻohui ʻia i nā reactors moe paʻa, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Mo Bi a me Mo-V multi-component metala. oxides like catalysts, pakahi. Ma lalo o kēia ʻano, hiki ke hōʻea i kahi ala hoʻokahi o ka waikawa acrylic ma kahi o 80% (molar ratio). ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ke ʻano Sohio ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻonui i ke ola o ka catalyst, a hiki i 2 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka propylene unreacted.

ʻO ke ʻano BASF: Mai ka hopena o nā makahiki 1960, ke alakaʻi nei ʻo BASF i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hana ʻana i ka waikawa acrylic ma o ka propylene oxidation. Ke hoʻohana nei ke ʻano BASF i nā catalysts Mo Bi a i ʻole Mo Co no ka hopena o ka propylene oxidation, a ʻo ke ala hoʻokahi o ka acrolein i loaʻa hiki ke hiki ma kahi o 80% (molar ratio). Ma hope mai, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā catalysts hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Mo, W, V, a me Fe, ua hoʻoneʻe hou ʻia ka acrolein i ka ʻakika acrylic, me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ala hoʻokahi ma kahi o 90% (ratio molar). Hiki i ke ola catalyst o ke ʻano BASF ke hiki i 4 mau makahiki a maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana. Eia nō naʻe, he mau hemahema kēia ʻano e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka solvent boiling point, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻana i nā mea hana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe.

Ke ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe Kepani: ʻElua mau reactors paʻa i ka moʻo a me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻawale hale kiaʻi ʻehiku i hoʻohana pū ʻia. ʻO ka ʻanuʻu mua e hoʻokomo i ka mea Co i loko o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe Mo Bi ma ke ʻano he hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, a laila hoʻohana i ka Mo, V, a me Cu i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe metala ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe nui i ka lua o ka reactor, i kākoʻo ʻia e ka silica a me ke kepau monoxide. Ma lalo o kēia kaʻina hana, ʻo ka hua hoʻokahi ala o ka waikawa acrylic ma kahi o 83-86% (ratio molar). Hoʻohana ke ʻano catalyst Kepani i hoʻokahi reactor moe paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻawale 7-tower, me nā catalysts kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe ka hopena holoʻokoʻa, a me ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana i kēia manawa kekahi o nā kaʻina hana kiʻekiʻe loa, e like me ke kaʻina hana Mitsubishi ma Iapana.

(3)ʻO ke kūlana o kēia manawa a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana Butyl Acrylate

ʻO ka Butyl acrylate kahi wai ʻākala kala ʻole i hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me ka ethanol a me ka etera. Pono e mālama ʻia kēia mea hoʻohui i loko o kahi hale kūʻai maloʻo a me ka ventilated. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka waikawa Acrylic a me kāna esters i ka ʻoihana. ʻAʻole wale lākou i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā monomers palupalu o ka acrylate solvent based a me ka lotion based adhesives, akā hiki ke homopolymerized, copolymerized a me ka graft copolymerized e lilo i polymer monomers a hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā intermediates synthesis organik.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ke kaʻina hana o ka butyl acrylate ka mea nui i ka hopena o ka waikawa acrylic a me ka butanol i mua o ka toluene sulfonic acid e hana ai i ka butyl acrylate a me ka wai. ʻO ka hopena esterification i komo i loko o kēia kaʻina hana he hopena hoʻohuli maʻamau, a kokoke loa nā wahi paila o ka waikawa acrylic a me ka huahana butyl acrylate. No laila, paʻakikī ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka waika acrylic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka distillation, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana hou ʻia ka waika acrylic unreacted.

Kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana butyl acrylate esterification method, mai Jilin Petrochemical Engineering Research Institute a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e pili ana. Ua oʻo loa kēia ʻenehana, a pololei loa ka mana hoʻohana ʻana no ka waikawa acrylic a me ka n-butanol, hiki ke hoʻomalu i ka ʻai ʻana i loko o 0.6. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokō kēia ʻenehana i ka launa pū ʻana a me ka hoʻoili.

(4)Kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā ʻano hoʻomohala o ka ʻenehana CPP

Hana ʻia ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni CPP mai ka polypropylene ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu nui ma o nā ʻano hana hoʻoponopono kikoʻī e like me ka T-shaped die extrusion casting. ʻO kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni he pale wela maikaʻi loa, a ma muli o kāna mau waiwai hoʻomaha wikiwiki, hiki ke hana i ka maʻalahi a me ka ʻike. No laila, no nā noi hoʻopili e koi ana i ka mālamalama kiʻekiʻe, ʻo CPP film ka mea makemake. ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni CPP i loko o ka hoʻopili meaʻai, a me ka hana ʻana i ka uhi alumini, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ke kaʻina hana o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni CPP ka mea nui o ka hoʻolei extrusion. Aia kēia kaʻina hana i nā extruders he nui, nā mea hoʻolaha kelepa lehulehu (i ʻike ʻia he "feeders"), nā poʻo make T-shaped, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolei, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokalakupua, nā oscillators, a me nā ʻōnaehana wili. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia kaʻina hana ʻo ia ka nani o ka ʻili, ka pālahalaha kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻae ʻana i ka mānoanoa liʻiliʻi, ka hana hoʻonui mechanical maikaʻi, ka loli maikaʻi, a me ka ʻike maikaʻi o nā huahana kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hana ʻia. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea hana honua o CPP e hoʻohana i ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe co extrusion no ka hana ʻana, a ua oʻo ka ʻenehana lako.

Mai ka waena o 1980s, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Kina e hoʻolauna i nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni hoʻolei ʻē aʻe, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he mau papa hana hoʻokahi a no ka pae mua. Ma hope o ke komo ʻana i nā makahiki 1990, ua hoʻolauna ʻo Kina i nā laina hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni multi-layer co polymer cast film mai nā ʻāina e like me Kelemānia, Iapana, Italia, a me Austria. ʻO kēia mau lako a me nā ʻenehana i lawe ʻia mai ka ikaika nui o ka ʻoihana kiʻiʻoniʻoni kiʻi kiʻi o Kina. ʻO nā mea hoʻolako mea hana nui, ʻo ia ka German's Bruckner, Bartenfield, Leifenhauer, a me Austria's Orchid. Mai ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻolauna ʻo Kina i nā laina hana kiʻekiʻe aʻe, a ua ʻike pū nā mea hana i hana ʻia ma ka home.

Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka honua, aia nō kekahi ʻokoʻa i ka pae automation, ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele extrusion ke kaupaona ʻana, ka mānoanoa o ke poʻo make poʻo hoʻoponopono kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, ʻōnaehana hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao pūnaewele, a me ka wili ʻakomi o nā lako kiʻiʻoniʻoni home. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea hoʻolako nui no ka ʻenehana kiʻiʻoniʻoni CPP ʻo ia ʻo Bruckner o Germany, Leifenhauser, a me Austria's Lanzin, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. He mau pono koʻikoʻi kēia mau mea hoʻolako haole ma ke ʻano o ka automation a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, ua oʻo loa ke kaʻina hana o kēia manawa, a ua lohi ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻenehana lako, a ʻaʻohe paepae no ka launa pū ʻana.

(5)Kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā ʻano hoʻomohala o ka ʻenehana Acrylonitrile

ʻO ka ʻenehana propylene ammonia oxidation i kēia manawa ke ala hana kūʻai nui no ka acrylonitrile, a aneane pau nā mea hana acrylonitrile e hoʻohana ana i nā catalysts BP (SOHIO). Eia nō naʻe, nui nā mea hoʻolako catalyst ʻē aʻe e koho ai, e like me Mitsubishi Rayon (ʻo Nitto ma mua) a me Asahi Kasei mai Iapana, Ascend Performance Material (Solutia ma mua) mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me Sinopec.

ʻOi aku ma mua o 95% o nā mea kanu acrylonitrile ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e hoʻohana i ka propylene ammonia oxidation technology (ʻike pū ʻia ʻo ke kaʻina sohio) i paionia a hoʻomohala ʻia e BP. Ke hoʻohana nei kēia ʻenehana i ka propylene, ammonia, ea, a me ka wai e like me nā mea maka, a komo i ka reactor i kekahi ʻāpana. Ma lalo o ka hana a ka phosphorus molybdenum bismuth a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hao hao antimony i kākoʻo ʻia ma ka silica gel, hana ʻia ka acrylonitrile ma kahi mahana o 400-500℃a me ke kaomi lewa. A laila, ma hope o ke ʻano o ka neutralization, absorption, extraction, dehydrocyanation, a me nā ʻanuʻu distillation, loaʻa ka huahana hope o ka acrylonitrile. Hiki i ke ala hoʻokahi o kēia ala ke hiki i ka 75%, a ʻo nā huahana e pili ana i ka acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, a me ka ammonium sulfate. ʻO kēia ʻano hana ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ʻoihana.

Mai ka makahiki 1984, ua kau inoa ʻo Sinopec i kahi ʻaelike lōʻihi me INEOS a ua ʻae ʻia e hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana acrylonitrile patented a INEOS ma Kina. Ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻo Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Research Institute i kahi ala ʻenehana no ka propylene ammonia oxidation e hana i ka acrylonitrile, a ua kūkulu ʻia ka lua o ka papahana 130000 ton acrylonitrile o Sinopec Anqing Branch. Ua hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻia ka papahana ma Ianuali 2014, e hoʻonui ana i ka mana hana makahiki o ka acrylonitrile mai 80000 tons a i 210000 tons, e lilo ana i mea nui o ka kumu hana acrylonitrile a Sinopec.

I kēia manawa, ʻo nā hui ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa me nā patent no ka propylene ammonia oxidation technology e komo pū me BP, DuPont, Ineos, Asahi Chemical, a me Sinopec. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana he oʻo a maʻalahi ke loaʻa, a ua loaʻa hoʻi ʻo Kina i ka localization o kēia ʻenehana, a ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa kāna hana i nā ʻenehana hana ʻē aʻe.

(6)Kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā ʻano hoʻomohala o ka ʻenehana ABS

Wahi a ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ala kaʻina hana o ka mea ABS i ke ʻano grafting lotion a me ke ʻano hoʻomau nui. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka resin ABS ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka resin polystyrene. I ka makahiki 1947, ua hoʻohana ka hui ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ke kaʻina hui ʻana e hoʻokō i ka hana ʻenehana o ka resin ABS; I ka makahiki 1954, ua kūkulu ʻo BORG-WAMER Company ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka lotion graft polymerized ABS resin a hoʻokō i ka hana ʻoihana. ʻO ke ʻano o ka lotion grafting i hāpai i ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana ABS. Mai ka 1970s, ua komo ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana o ABS i kahi manawa o ka hoʻomohala nui.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana grafting lotion kahi kaʻina hana kiʻekiʻe, e komo pū ana me ʻehā mau ʻanuʻu: ka synthesis o ka latex butadiene, ka synthesis o ka polymer graft, ka synthesis o nā polymers styrene a me acrylonitrile, a me ka hui ʻana ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ke kaʻina hana kikoʻī e pili ana i ka ʻāpana PBL, ka ʻāpana grafting, ka ʻāpana SAN, a me ka ʻāpana hui. He kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kēia kaʻina hana o ka ʻenehana a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

I kēia manawa, hele mai ka ʻenehana ABS makua mai nā hui e like me LG ma South Korea, JSR ma Iapana, Dow i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, New Lake Oil Chemical Co., Ltd. ma South Korea, a me Kellogg Technology ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. nona ka pae honua alakaʻi o ke oʻo ʻenehana. Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana, hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi mau ka hana hana o ABS. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kaiapuni, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, e lawe mai ana i nā manawa a me nā pilikia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana kemika.

(7)ʻO ke kūlana ʻenehana a me ka ulu ʻana o ka n-butanol

Wahi a ka nānā ʻana, ʻo ka ʻenehana nui no ka synthesis o ka butanol a me ka octanol ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana carbonyl synthesis wai-phase cyclic low-pressure. ʻO nā mea waiwai nui no kēia kaʻina hana he propylene a me ke kinoea synthesis. Ma waena o lākou, hele mai ka propylene mai ka lako ponoʻī i hoʻohui ʻia, me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka propylene ma waena o 0.6 a me 0.62 tons. Hoʻomākaukau nui ʻia ke kinoea synthetic mai ke kinoea hoʻopau a i ʻole ke kinoea synthetic e pili ana i ka lanahu, me ka hoʻohana ʻana ma waena o 700 a 720 cubic mika.

ʻO ka ʻenehana carbonyl synthesis haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻomohala ʻia e Dow/David - ʻo ke kaʻina kahe wai-phase circulation he mau mea maikaʻi e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka propylene conversion rate, ka lōʻihi o ke ola catalyst, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ʻekolu mau ʻōpala. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana i kēia manawa ka ʻenehana hana kiʻekiʻe loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana butanol a me octanol Kina.

I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana he ʻano makua ʻo Dow/David a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana me nā ʻoihana kūloko, nui nā ʻoihana e hoʻokumu i kēia ʻenehana i ke koho ʻana e hoʻolilo i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻāpana octanol butanol, a ukali ʻia e ka ʻenehana kūloko.

(8)Kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā ʻano hoʻomohala o ka ʻenehana Polyacrylonitrile

Loaʻa ka Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ma o ka polymerization radical manuahi o ka acrylonitrile a he mea koʻikoʻi i waena o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā acrylonitrile fibers (acrylic fibers) a me polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibers. Hōʻike ʻia ma kahi ʻano pauka opaque keʻokeʻo a melemele liʻiliʻi paha, me kahi mahana hoʻololi aniani ma kahi o 90℃. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe polar organic e like me dimethylformamide (DMF) a me ka dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a me nā hoʻonā wai paʻa o nā paʻakai inorganic e like me ka thiocyanate a me ka perchlorate. ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka polyacrylonitrile ka mea nui e pili ana i ka polymerization solution a i ʻole ka polymerization aqueous precipitation o acrylonitrile (AN) me nā monomers lua non-ionic a me nā monomers ʻekolu ionic.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Polyacrylonitrile no ka hana ʻana i nā fibers acrylic, ʻo ia nā fibers synthetic i hana ʻia mai nā copolymers acrylonitrile me kahi pākēneka o ka nui ma mua o 85%. Wahi a nā mea hoʻonā i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e like me dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN), a me dimethyl formamide (DMF). ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā solvents ʻē aʻe ko lākou solubility i polyacrylonitrile, ʻaʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi i ke kaʻina hana polymerization kikoʻī. Eia kekahi, e like me nā comonomers ʻokoʻa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka waikawa itaconic (IA), methyl acrylate (MA), acrylamide (AM), a me methyl methacrylate (MMA), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. nā waiwai huahana o nā hopena polymerization.

Hiki ke kaʻina hana hoʻohui i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua ʻanuʻu. Hoʻokahi kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka polymerization o ka acrylonitrile a me nā comonomers i kahi kūlana hoʻonā i ka manawa hoʻokahi, a hiki ke hoʻomākaukau pololei ʻia nā huahana i loko o ka hopena wili me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. ʻO ka lula ʻelua e pili ana i ka polymerization hoʻokuʻu o ka acrylonitrile a me nā comonomers i ka wai e loaʻa ai ka polymer, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, holoi ʻia, maloʻo, a me nā ʻanuʻu ʻē aʻe e hana i ka hopena wili. I kēia manawa, ʻo ke kaʻina hana honua o ka polyacrylonitrile ka mea like, me ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano polymerization downstream a me nā monomers co. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā polyacrylonitrile fibers ma nā ʻāina like ʻole a puni ka honua i hana ʻia mai nā copolymers ternary, me ka acrylonitrile helu no 90% a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o kahi monomer lua mai 5% a 8%. ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka monomer lua ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika mechanical, elasticity, a me ke ʻano o nā fibers, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana kala. ʻO nā ʻano hana maʻamau ka MMA, MA, vinyl acetate, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka nui o ke kolu o ka monomer he 0.3% -2%, me ka manaʻo o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kekahi helu o nā pūʻulu wai hydrophilic e hoʻonui i ka pili o nā fibers me nā dyes. māhele ʻia i nā hui dye cationic a me nā hui dye acid.

I kēia manawa, ʻo Iapana ka ʻelele nui o ka kaʻina honua o polyacrylonitrile, a ukali ʻia e nā ʻāina e like me Kelemānia a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO nā ʻoihana ʻelele ʻo Zoltek, Hexcel, Cytec a me Aldila mai Iapana, Dongbang, Mitsubishi a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, SGL mai Kelemānia a me Formosa Plastics Group mai Taiwan, Kina, Kina. I kēia manawa, ua oʻo ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana honua o polyacrylonitrile, a ʻaʻohe wahi nui no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka huahana.