E kālailai kēia ʻatikala i nā huahana nui i loko o ke kaulahao ʻoihana C3 o Kina a me ka ʻimi noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana.

(1)ʻO ke kūlana o kēia manawa a me ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana Polypropylene (PP).

Wahi a kā mākou noiʻi, aia nā ʻano like ʻole e hana ai i ka polypropylene (PP) ma Kina, a ʻo nā kaʻina koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ke kaʻina paipu kūlohelohe kūloko, ka hana Unipol o Daoju Company, ke kaʻina Spheriol o LyondellBasell Company, ke kaʻina hana Innovene o Ineos Company, ke kaʻina Novolen o Nordic Chemical Company, a me ke kaʻina hana Spherizone o LyondellBasell Company. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau kaʻina hana e nā ʻoihana PP Kina. ʻO kēia mau ʻenehana ka hapanui e hoʻomalu i ka helu hoʻololi o propylene i loko o ka laulā o 1.01-1.02.

Hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana apo apo home i ka ZN catalyst i hoʻomohala kūʻokoʻa, i kēia manawa i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana apo apo lua. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia kaʻina hana ma luna o nā catalysts i kūkulu ʻia, asymmetric electron donor technology, a me propylene butadiene binary random copolymerization technology, a hiki ke hana i ka homopolymerization, ethylene propylene random copolymerization, propylene butadiene random copolymerization, a me ka hopena kū'ē copolymerization PP. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā hui e like me Shanghai Petrochemical Third Line, Zhenhai Refining and Chemical First and Second Lines, a me Maoming Second Line ua hoʻohana i kēia kaʻina hana. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā hale hana hou i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua manaʻo ʻia ke kaʻina hana paipu kaiapuni ʻekolu o ka hanauna e lilo i ke kaʻina paipu kūlohelohe kūloko.

Hiki i ke kaʻina hana Unipol ke hana i nā homopolymers, me ka melt flow rate (MFR) o 0.5 ~ 100g / 10min. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka hapa nui o ka ethylene copolymer monomers i nā copolymers random hiki ke hiki i 5.5%. Hiki i kēia kaʻina hana ke hana i kahi copolymer maʻamau o propylene a me 1-butene (inoa kālepa CE-FOR), me kahi hapa nui o ka lāʻau a hiki i ka 14%. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ethylene i loko o ka copolymer hopena i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina Unipol hiki ke hiki i 21% (ʻo ka hapa nui o ka lāʻau he 35%). Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana i nā hale o nā ʻoihana e like me Fushun Petrochemical a me Sichuan Petrochemical.

Hiki i ke kaʻina hana Innovene ke hana i nā huahana homopolymer me kahi ākea o ka melt flow rate (MFR), hiki ke hiki i ka 0.5-100g / 10min. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o kāna huahana ma mua o nā kaʻina hana polymerization gas-phase. ʻO ka MFR o nā huahana copolymer random he 2-35g/10min, me ka hapa nui o ka ethylene mai 7% a 8%. ʻO ka MFR o nā huahana copolymer kū'ē i ka hopena he 1-35g/10min, me ka hapa nui o ka ethylene mai 5% a 17%.

I kēia manawa, ʻoi loa ka ʻenehana hana nui o PP ma Kina. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻoihana polypropylene i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka aila ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāpana hana, nā koina hana, nā waiwai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma waena o kēlā me kēia ʻoihana. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻāpana hana i uhi ʻia e nā kaʻina hana like ʻole, hiki i nā kaʻina hana nui ke uhi i ka māhele huahana holoʻokoʻa. Eia nō naʻe, e noʻonoʻo ana i nā ʻano huahana maoli o nā ʻoihana e kū nei, aia nā ʻokoʻa nui i nā huahana PP ma waena o nā ʻoihana like ʻole ma muli o nā kumu e like me ka geography, nā ʻenehana ʻenehana, a me nā mea maka.

(2)Kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā ʻano hoʻomohala o ka ʻenehana Acrylic Acid

ʻO ka ʻakika Acrylic kahi mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi kemika i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā adhesives a me ka wai-soluble coatings, a ua hana maʻamau ʻia i butyl acrylate a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Wahi a ka noiʻi, aia nā kaʻina hana like ʻole no ka waikawa acrylic, me ka chloroethanol method, cyanoethanol method, high-pressure Reppe method, enone method, improved Reppe method, formaldehyde ethanol method, acrylonitrile hydrolysis method, ethylene method, propylene oxidation method, and biological method. ʻOiai aia nā ʻano hoʻomākaukau like ʻole no ka waikawa acrylic, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o ia mau mea i ka ʻoihana, ʻo ke kaʻina hana nui loa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ʻo ia ka oxidation pololei o ka propylene i ke kaʻina waikawa acrylic.

ʻO nā mea maka no ka hana ʻana i ka waikawa acrylic ma o ka propylene oxidation ka nui o ka mahu wai, ka ea, a me ka propylene. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, hoʻokō ʻia kēia mau mea ʻekolu i nā hopena oxidation ma o ka moena catalyst ma kekahi ʻāpana. ʻO ka propylene ka mea mua i hoʻokahe ʻia i acrolein i loko o ka reactor mua, a laila hoʻoneʻe hou ʻia i ka waikawa acrylic i loko o ka reactor ʻelua. He hana hoʻoheheʻe ka wai i loko o kēia kaʻina hana, e pale ana i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā pahū a me ke kāohi ʻana i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao. Eia nō naʻe, ma waho aʻe o ka hana ʻana i ka waikawa acrylic, hana pū kēia kaʻina hana i ka acetic acid a me ka carbon oxides ma muli o nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

Wahi a ka noiʻi ʻana a Pingtou Ge, ʻo ke kī i ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana oxidation acrylic aia i ke koho ʻana i nā catalysts. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā hui e hiki ke hāʻawi i ka ʻenehana waikawa acrylic ma o ka propylene oxidation e komo pū me Sohio ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Japan Catalyst Chemical Company, Mitsubishi Chemical Company ma Iapana, BASF ma Kelemānia, a me Iapana Chemical Technology.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana Sohio ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa he hana koʻikoʻi no ka hana ʻana i ka waikawa acrylic ma o ka propylene oxidation, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka propylene, ea, a me ka mahu wai i loko o ʻelua moʻo i hoʻopili ʻia i nā reactors moe paʻa, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Mo Bi a me Mo-V multi-component metal oxides ma ke ʻano he catalysts. Ma lalo o kēia ʻano, hiki ke hōʻea i kahi ala hoʻokahi o ka waikawa acrylic ma kahi o 80% (molar ratio). ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ke ʻano Sohio ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻonui i ke ola o ka catalyst, a hiki i 2 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka propylene unreacted.

ʻO ke ʻano BASF: Mai ka hopena o nā makahiki 1960, ke alakaʻi nei ʻo BASF i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hana ʻana i ka waikawa acrylic ma o ka propylene oxidation. Ke hoʻohana nei ke ʻano BASF i nā catalysts Mo Bi a i ʻole Mo Co no ka hopena o ka propylene oxidation, a ʻo ke ala hoʻokahi o ka acrolein i loaʻa hiki ke hiki ma kahi o 80% (molar ratio). Ma hope mai, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā catalysts hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Mo, W, V, a me Fe, ua hoʻoneʻe hou ʻia ka acrolein i ka ʻakika acrylic, me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ala hoʻokahi ma kahi o 90% (ratio molar). Hiki i ke ola catalyst o ke ʻano BASF ke hiki i 4 mau makahiki a maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa nā hemahema o kēia ʻano e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka solvent boiling point, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻana i nā mea hana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe.

Ke ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe Kepani: ʻElua mau reactors paʻa i ka moʻo a me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻawale hale kiaʻi ʻehiku i hoʻohana pū ʻia. ʻO ka ʻanuʻu mua e hoʻokomo i ka mea Co i loko o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe Mo Bi ma ke ʻano he hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, a laila hoʻohana i ka Mo, V, a me Cu i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe metala ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe nui i ka lua o ka reactor, i kākoʻo ʻia e ka silica a me ke kepau monoxide. Ma lalo o kēia kaʻina hana, ʻo ka hua hoʻokahi ala o ka waikawa acrylic ma kahi o 83-86% (ratio molar). Hoʻohana ke ʻano catalyst Kepani i hoʻokahi reactor moe paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻawale 7-tower, me nā catalysts kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe ka hopena holoʻokoʻa, a me ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana i kēia manawa kekahi o nā kaʻina hana kiʻekiʻe loa, e like me ke kaʻina hana Mitsubishi ma Iapana.

(3)ʻO ke kūlana o kēia manawa a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana Butyl Acrylate

ʻO ka Butyl acrylate kahi wai ʻākala kala ʻole i hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me ka ethanol a me ka etera. Pono e mālama ʻia kēia mea hoʻohui i loko o kahi hale kūʻai maloʻo a me ka ventilated. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka waikawa Acrylic a me kāna esters i ka ʻoihana. ʻAʻole wale lākou i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā monomers palupalu o ka acrylate solvent based a me ka lotion based adhesives, akā hiki ke homopolymerized, copolymerized a me ka graft copolymerized e lilo i polymer monomers a hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā intermediates synthesis organik.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ke kaʻina hana o ka butyl acrylate ka mea nui i ka hopena o ka waikawa acrylic a me ka butanol i mua o ka toluene sulfonic acid e hana ai i ka butyl acrylate a me ka wai. ʻO ka hopena esterification i komo i loko o kēia kaʻina hana he hopena hoʻohuli maʻamau, a kokoke loa nā wahi paila o ka waikawa acrylic a me ka huahana butyl acrylate. No laila, paʻakikī ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka waika acrylic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka distillation, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana hou ʻia ka waika acrylic unreacted.

Kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana butyl acrylate esterification method, mai Jilin Petrochemical Engineering Research Institute a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e pili ana. Ua oʻo loa kēia ʻenehana, a pololei loa ka mana hoʻohana ʻana no ka waikawa acrylic a me ka n-butanol, hiki ke hoʻomalu i ka ʻai ʻana i loko o 0.6. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokō kēia ʻenehana i ka launa pū ʻana a me ka hoʻoili.

(4)Kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā ʻano hoʻomohala o ka ʻenehana CPP

Hana ʻia ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni CPP mai ka polypropylene ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu nui ma o nā ʻano hana hoʻoponopono kikoʻī e like me ka T-shaped die extrusion casting. ʻO kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni he pale wela maikaʻi loa, a ma muli o kāna mau waiwai hoʻomaha wikiwiki, hiki ke hana i ka maʻalahi a me ka ʻike. No laila, no nā noi hoʻopili e koi ana i ka mālamalama kiʻekiʻe, ʻo CPP film ka mea makemake. ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni CPP i loko o ka hoʻopili meaʻai, a me ka hana ʻana i ka uhi alumini, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ke kaʻina hana o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni CPP ka mea nui o ka hoʻolei extrusion. Aia kēia kaʻina hana i nā extruders he nui, nā mea hoʻolaha kelepa lehulehu (i ʻike ʻia he "feeders"), nā poʻo make T-shaped, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolei, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokalakupua, nā oscillators, a me nā ʻōnaehana wili. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia kaʻina hana ʻo ia ka nani o ka ʻili, ka pālahalaha kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻae ʻana i ka mānoanoa liʻiliʻi, ka hana hoʻonui mechanical maikaʻi, ka loli maikaʻi, a me ka ʻike maikaʻi o nā huahana kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hana ʻia. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea hana honua o CPP e hoʻohana i ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe co extrusion no ka hana ʻana, a ua oʻo ka ʻenehana lako.

Mai ka waena o 1980s, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Kina e hoʻolauna i nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni hoʻolei ʻē aʻe, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he mau papa hana hoʻokahi a no ka pae mua. Ma hope o ke komo ʻana i nā makahiki 1990, ua hoʻolauna ʻo Kina i nā laina hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni multi-layer co polymer cast film mai nā ʻāina e like me Kelemānia, Iapana, Italia, a me Austria. ʻO kēia mau lako a me nā ʻenehana i lawe ʻia mai ka ikaika nui o ka ʻoihana kiʻiʻoniʻoni kiʻi kiʻi o Kina. ʻO nā mea hoʻolako mea hana nui, ʻo ia ka German's Bruckner, Bartenfield, Leifenhauer, a me Austria's Orchid. Mai ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻolauna ʻo Kina i nā laina hana kiʻekiʻe aʻe, a ua ʻike pū nā mea hana i hana ʻia ma ka home.

Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka honua, aia nō kekahi ʻokoʻa i ka pae automation, ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele extrusion ke kaupaona ʻana, ka mānoanoa o ke poʻo make poʻo hoʻoponopono kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, ʻōnaehana hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao pūnaewele, a me ka wili ʻakomi o nā lako kiʻiʻoniʻoni home. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea hoʻolako nui no ka ʻenehana kiʻiʻoniʻoni CPP ʻo ia ʻo Bruckner o Germany, Leifenhauser, a me Austria's Lanzin, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. He mau pono koʻikoʻi kēia mau mea hoʻolako haole ma ke ʻano o ka automation a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, ua oʻo loa ke kaʻina hana o kēia manawa, a ua lohi ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻenehana lako, a ʻaʻohe paepae no ka launa pū ʻana.

(5)Kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā ʻano hoʻomohala o ka ʻenehana Acrylonitrile

ʻO ka ʻenehana propylene ammonia oxidation i kēia manawa ke ala hana kūʻai nui no ka acrylonitrile, a aneane pau nā mea hana acrylonitrile e hoʻohana ana i nā catalysts BP (SOHIO). Eia nō naʻe, nui nā mea hoʻolako catalyst ʻē aʻe e koho ai, e like me Mitsubishi Rayon (ʻo Nitto ma mua) a me Asahi Kasei mai Iapana, Ascend Performance Material (Solutia ma mua) mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me Sinopec.

ʻOi aku ma mua o 95% o nā mea kanu acrylonitrile ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e hoʻohana i ka propylene ammonia oxidation technology (ʻike pū ʻia ʻo ke kaʻina sohio) i paionia a hoʻomohala ʻia e BP. Ke hoʻohana nei kēia ʻenehana i ka propylene, ammonia, ea, a me ka wai e like me nā mea maka, a komo i ka reactor i kekahi ʻāpana. Ma lalo o ka hana a ka phosphorus molybdenum bismuth a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hao hao antimony i kākoʻo ʻia ma ka silica gel, hana ʻia ka acrylonitrile ma kahi mahana o 400-500℃a me ke kaomi lewa. A laila, ma hope o ke ʻano o ka neutralization, absorption, extraction, dehydrocyanation, a me nā ʻanuʻu distillation, loaʻa ka huahana hope o ka acrylonitrile. Hiki i ke ala hoʻokahi o kēia ala ke hiki i ka 75%, a ʻo nā huahana e pili ana i ka acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, a me ka ammonium sulfate. ʻO kēia ʻano hana ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ʻoihana.

Mai ka makahiki 1984, ua kau inoa ʻo Sinopec i kahi ʻaelike lōʻihi me INEOS a ua ʻae ʻia e hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana acrylonitrile patented a INEOS ma Kina. Ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻo Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Research Institute i kahi ala ʻenehana no ka propylene ammonia oxidation e hana i ka acrylonitrile, a ua kūkulu ʻia ka lua o ka papahana 130000 ton acrylonitrile o Sinopec Anqing Branch. Ua hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻia ka papahana ma Ianuali 2014, e hoʻonui ana i ka mana hana makahiki o ka acrylonitrile mai 80000 tons a i 210000 tons, e lilo ana i mea nui o ka kumu hana acrylonitrile a Sinopec.

I kēia manawa, ʻo nā hui ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa me nā patent no ka propylene ammonia oxidation technology e komo pū me BP, DuPont, Ineos, Asahi Chemical, a me Sinopec. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana he oʻo a maʻalahi ke loaʻa, a ua loaʻa hoʻi ʻo Kina i ka localization o kēia ʻenehana, a ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa kāna hana i nā ʻenehana hana ʻē aʻe.

(6)Kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā ʻano hoʻomohala o ka ʻenehana ABS

Wahi a ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ala kaʻina hana o ka mea ABS i ke ʻano grafting lotion a me ke ʻano hoʻomau nui. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka resin ABS ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka resin polystyrene. I ka makahiki 1947, ua hoʻohana ka hui ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ke kaʻina hui ʻana e hoʻokō i ka hana ʻenehana o ka resin ABS; I ka makahiki 1954, ua kūkulu ʻo BORG-WAMER Company ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka lotion graft polymerized ABS resin a hoʻokō i ka hana ʻoihana. ʻO ke ʻano o ka lotion grafting i hāpai i ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana ABS. Mai ka 1970s, ua komo ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana o ABS i kahi manawa o ka hoʻomohala nui.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana grafting lotion kahi kaʻina hana kiʻekiʻe, e komo pū ana me ʻehā mau ʻanuʻu: ka synthesis o ka latex butadiene, ka synthesis o ka polymer graft, ka synthesis o nā polymers styrene a me acrylonitrile, a me ka hui ʻana ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ke kaʻina hana kikoʻī e pili ana i ka ʻāpana PBL, ka ʻāpana grafting, ka ʻāpana SAN, a me ka ʻāpana hui. He kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kēia kaʻina hana o ka ʻenehana a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

I kēia manawa, hele mai ka ʻenehana ABS makua mai nā hui e like me LG ma South Korea, JSR ma Iapana, Dow i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, New Lake Oil Chemical Co., Ltd. ma South Korea, a me Kellogg Technology i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, nā mea āpau i ka honua alakaʻi pae o ka ʻenehana oʻo. Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana, hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi mau ka hana hana o ABS. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kaiapuni, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, e lawe mai ana i nā manawa a me nā pilikia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana kemika.

(7)ʻO ke kūlana ʻenehana a me ka ulu ʻana o ka n-butanol

Wahi a ka nānā ʻana, ʻo ka ʻenehana nui no ka synthesis o ka butanol a me ka octanol ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana carbonyl synthesis wai-phase cyclic low-pressure. ʻO nā mea waiwai nui no kēia kaʻina hana he propylene a me ke kinoea synthesis. Ma waena o lākou, hele mai ka propylene mai ka lako ponoʻī i hoʻohui ʻia, me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka propylene ma waena o 0.6 a me 0.62 tons. Hoʻomākaukau nui ʻia ke kinoea synthetic mai ke kinoea hoʻopau a i ʻole ke kinoea synthetic e pili ana i ka lanahu, me ka hoʻohana ʻana ma waena o 700 a 720 cubic mika.

ʻO ka ʻenehana carbonyl synthesis haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻomohala ʻia e Dow/David - ʻo ke kaʻina kahe wai-phase circulation he mau mea maikaʻi e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka propylene conversion rate, ka lōʻihi o ke ola catalyst, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ʻekolu mau ʻōpala. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana i kēia manawa ka ʻenehana hana kiʻekiʻe loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana butanol a me octanol Kina.

I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana he ʻano makua ʻo Dow/David a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana me nā ʻoihana kūloko, nui nā ʻoihana e hoʻokumu i kēia ʻenehana i ke koho ʻana e hoʻolilo i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻāpana octanol butanol, a ukali ʻia e ka ʻenehana kūloko.

(8)Kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā ʻano hoʻomohala o ka ʻenehana Polyacrylonitrile

Loaʻa ka Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ma o ka polymerization radical manuahi o ka acrylonitrile a he mea koʻikoʻi i waena o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā acrylonitrile fibers (acrylic fibers) a me polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibers. Hōʻike ʻia ma kahi ʻano pauka opaque keʻokeʻo a melemele liʻiliʻi paha, me kahi mahana hoʻololi aniani ma kahi o 90℃. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe polar organic e like me dimethylformamide (DMF) a me ka dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a me nā hoʻonā wai paʻa o nā paʻakai inorganic e like me ka thiocyanate a me ka perchlorate. ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka polyacrylonitrile ka mea nui e pili ana i ka polymerization solution a i ʻole ka polymerization aqueous precipitation o acrylonitrile (AN) me nā monomers lua non-ionic a me nā monomers ʻekolu ionic.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Polyacrylonitrile no ka hana ʻana i nā fibers acrylic, ʻo ia nā fibers synthetic i hana ʻia mai nā copolymers acrylonitrile me kahi pākēneka o ka nui ma mua o 85%. Wahi a nā mea hoʻonā i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e like me dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN), a me dimethyl formamide (DMF). ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā solvents ʻē aʻe ko lākou solubility i polyacrylonitrile, ʻaʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi i ke kaʻina hana polymerization kikoʻī. Eia kekahi, e like me nā comonomers like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka itaconic acid (IA), methyl acrylate (MA), acrylamide (AM), a me methyl methacrylate (MMA), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Hiki ke kaʻina hana hoʻohui i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua ʻanuʻu. Hoʻokahi kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka polymerization o ka acrylonitrile a me nā comonomers i kahi kūlana hoʻonā i ka manawa hoʻokahi, a hiki ke hoʻomākaukau pololei ʻia nā huahana i loko o ka hopena wili me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. ʻO ka lula ʻelua e pili ana i ka polymerization hoʻokuʻu o ka acrylonitrile a me nā comonomers i ka wai e loaʻa ai ka polymer, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, holoi ʻia, maloʻo, a me nā ʻanuʻu ʻē aʻe e hana i ka hopena wili. I kēia manawa, ʻo ke kaʻina hana honua o ka polyacrylonitrile ka mea like, me ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano polymerization downstream a me nā monomers co. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā polyacrylonitrile fibers ma nā ʻāina like ʻole a puni ka honua i hana ʻia mai nā copolymers ternary, me ka acrylonitrile helu no 90% a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o kahi monomer lua mai 5% a 8%. ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka monomer lua ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika mechanical, elasticity, a me ke ʻano o nā fibers, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana kala. ʻO nā ʻano hana maʻamau ʻo MMA, MA, vinyl acetate, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka nui o ke kolu o ka monomer he 0.3% -2%, me ka manaʻo e hoʻokomo i kahi helu o nā hui wai hydrophilic e hoʻonui ai i ka pili o nā fibers me nā dyes, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā hui dye cationic a me nā hui dye acid.

I kēia manawa, ʻo Iapana ka ʻelele nui o ka kaʻina honua o polyacrylonitrile, a ukali ʻia e nā ʻāina e like me Kelemānia a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO nā ʻoihana ʻelele ʻo Zoltek, Hexcel, Cytec a me Aldila mai Iapana, Dongbang, Mitsubishi a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, SGL mai Kelemānia a me Formosa Plastics Group mai Taiwan, Kina, Kina. I kēia manawa, ua oʻo ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana honua o polyacrylonitrile, a ʻaʻohe wahi nui no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka huahana.