He aha ke ʻano o ka plastic?

He mea koʻikoʻi ka plastic i ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā a pili ia i nā wahi āpau o ko mākou ola. He aha ke ʻano o ka plastic? Mai kahi manaʻo kemika, ʻo nā plastics kahi ʻano o nā mea polymer synthetic, nona nā mea nui i hana ʻia i nā polymers organik. E nānā kikoʻī kēia ʻatikala i ka hoʻohui ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā plastics a me kā lākou noi ākea i nā ʻoihana like ʻole.
1. Hoʻohui a me ka hoʻolālā kemika o nā plastics

No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o nā mea plastics, pono ka mea mua e hoʻomaopopo i kāna ʻano. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka plastik ma o ka hopena polymerization o nā mea macromolecular, ka mea nui i haku ʻia me ka carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokumu kēia mau mea i nā hale kaulahao lōʻihi, i kapa ʻia he polymers, ma o nā kaula covalent. Ma muli o ko lākou ʻano kemika, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā plastics i ʻelua mau ʻāpana nui: thermoplastics a me thermosets.

Thermoplastics: E palupalu kēia mau ʻano plastics i ka wā i wela ai a hoʻi hou i ko lākou ʻano kumu i ka wā i maʻalili, a ʻaʻole hoʻololi ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana i ko lākou ʻano kemika. ʻO nā thermoplastics maʻamau ka polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), a me ka polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

ʻAʻole like me ka thermoplastics, e hoʻopili ʻia nā plastik thermosetting ma hope o ka hoʻomehana mua ʻana, e hana ana i kahi ʻano pūnaewele ʻekolu-dimensional ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, no laila ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi hou ʻia e ka hoʻomehana ʻana. ʻO nā plastic thermoset maʻamau ka phenolic resins (PF), epoxy resins (EP), a pēlā aku.

2. Hoʻohui a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastics

Wahi a ko lākou mau waiwai a me nā noi, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā plastics i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: nā plastics general-purpose, nā plastics engineering a me nā plastics kūikawā.

ʻO nā plastics maʻamau: e like me ka polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea hoʻopihapiha, nā waiwai o ka hale a me nā māla ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike ʻia lākou e ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, nā kaʻina hana oʻo a kūpono no ka hana nui.

ʻO nā plastics ʻenekinia: e like me polycarbonate (PC), nylon (PA), etc. ʻO kēia mau plastics he mau mea ʻenehana maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa wela, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kaʻa, nā mea uila a me nā mea uila, nā ʻāpana mechanical a me nā māla koi ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā plastik kūikawā: e like me polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

3. Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā Paʻakikī o nā Plastics

Pāʻani nā plastic i kahi hana hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka ʻoihana hou ma muli o ko lākou kaumaha māmā, ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana maʻalahi. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastics e lawe mai i nā pilikia kūlohelohe. Ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā plastics, he hopena koʻikoʻi nā palaka ʻōpala i ke kaiapuni, no laila ua lilo ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i nā plastics i mea hopohopo honua.
I ka ʻoihana, ke kūkulu nei nā mea noiʻi i nā plastic biodegradable hou me ka manaʻo e hōʻemi i nā pōʻino o ke kaiapuni o ka ʻōpala plastic. Ke holomua nei nā ʻenehana no ka hana hou ʻana i nā plastics, a ke manaʻo ʻia nei kēia mau ʻenehana e hōʻemi nui i ke kumukūʻai o ka hana ʻana i nā plastics a me nā pilikia kūlohelohe.

Ka hopena

ʻO ka plastik kahi ʻano mea polymer i hana ʻia me nā polymers organik, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka thermoplastic a me ka thermosetting plastics e like me nā ʻano hana kemika a me nā wahi noi. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ke hoʻonui nei nā ʻano a me nā noi o nā plastics, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia nā pilikia kūlohelohe a lākou e lawe mai ai. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā mea e pili ana i ka plastics ʻaʻole ia e kōkua iā mākou e hoʻopili maikaʻi i kēia mea, akā paipai pū kekahi iā mākou e ʻimi i kāna kuleana i ka hoʻomohala hoʻomau.