He aha ka mea i hana ʻia me ka plastik?
Ma ke ʻano he mea koʻikoʻi i ke ola o kēia wā, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā plastics i nā kula he nui e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana, nā lako uila, nā kaʻa, a me ke kūkulu ʻana. He aha nā mea i hana ʻia i nā plastik? Hoʻopili maoli kēia i ka ʻepekema paʻakikī o nā polymers i ka ʻoihana kemika. Hana ʻia nā plastik mai nā ʻano polymers synthetic a semi-synthetic paha, a ua hana ʻia kēia polymer raw material ma o nā kaʻina kikoʻī i nā mea o kēlā me kēia lā a mākou i ʻike ai. Ma lalo iho nei, e nānā pono mākou i ke ʻano o nā plastics a me ke kaʻina hana o kā lākou hoʻomākaukau.
1. Nā ʻāpana kumu o nā plastics: polymers
He aha nā mea i hana ʻia i nā plastik? ʻO ka pane kikowaena he polymers. ʻO ka polymer kahi kaulahao o nā molekole kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia me ka nui o nā monomers hou i hoʻopili ʻia e ka hopena polymerization. ʻO nā polymers maʻamau ka polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) a me ka polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Hōʻike nā ʻano plastik like ʻole i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika ma muli o ke ʻano o ka monomer i hoʻohana ʻia, ke ʻano o ka polymerization a me ke ʻano mole.

Polyethylene (PE): polymerised mai ethylene monomer, hoʻohana maʻamau i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻeke plastik, nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni meaʻai, etc.
Polypropylene (PP): polymerization o propylene monomer, me ke kū'ē wela maikaʻi, hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā pāpale ʻōmole plastik, nā mea hale.
Polystyrene (PS): polymerised mai styrene monomer, akaka a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana, maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā lako kīʻaha hoʻopau, nā mea hoʻopili.

2. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui i ka hana ʻana i nā plastics
Ma waho aʻe o nā polymers, loaʻa nā plastics i nā ʻano mea hoʻohui i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou waiwai a i ʻole e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hana. ʻO kēia mau mea hoʻohui me nā antioxidants, plasticizers, stabilizers, kala kala, fillers a pēlā aku. Hoʻopili pololei ke ʻano a me ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui i nā waiwai kino a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka plastic.

Plasticisers: hoʻonui i ka maʻalahi o nā plastics a hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā lākou i ka hana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe. Hoʻohana maʻamau i ka hana PVC.
Antioxidants: pale i ka palaka mai ka wā kahiko ma muli o ka oxidation i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, a hoʻomaikaʻi i kona lōʻihi.
Nā mea hoʻopiha: e like me ka calcium carbonate, talcum pauka, hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī a me ka paʻa o ka plastic, ʻoiai e hōʻemi ana i nā kumukūʻai hana.

3. Ke kaʻina hana palaki: ka hopena polymerisation a me ka ʻenehana hana
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā plastics i ʻelua mau pae: ka hopena polymerisation a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. Hoʻololi ʻia nā monomers i polymers ma o nā hopena kemika. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka polymerization, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka polymerization radical manuahi, ka polymerization anionic, ka polymerization cationic a me ka copolymerization. A laila, hana ʻia ka polymer i nā huahana o ke ʻano i makemake ʻia e ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, extrusion, blow-moulding a me nā kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana: Paʻi ʻia ka plastik i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi ʻano a me ke ʻano, hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana plastik i hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā.
Extrusion: Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka plastik a laila hana ʻia e ka extrusion, kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana mau e like me nā paipu a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
Puhi: Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka plastic i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana hollow e like me nā ʻōmole.

4. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā plastics eco-friendly
Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike kaiapuni, ua kau ka poʻe i mua i nā koi kūlohelohe no ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastics. ʻO nā plastic degradable, nā plastics bio-based a me nā plastic i hoʻohana hou ʻia e lilo i ala hou o ka hoʻomohala ʻana.

Hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia nā plastics degradable: e like me ka polylactic acid (PLA), hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i carbon dioxide a me ka wai i ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe.
ʻO nā plastics-based bio: polymers i hana ʻia mai nā mea kanu mea kanu, e like me ke kulina a me ke kō, i loaʻa ma o ka hoʻololi olaola.
ʻO nā plastic i hoʻohana hou ʻia: ma ka hana hou ʻana i nā huahana plastik kahiko, ma o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka hana hou ʻana, hoʻohana hou ʻia lākou e hana i nā huahana hou.

Ka hopena
Ma o ka loiloi i luna, hiki iā mākou ke pane maopopo i ka nīnau o "he aha ka mea i hana ʻia i ka plastic": hana nui ʻia ka plastic i nā polymers synthetic a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole, i hana ʻia ma o nā ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe. Me ka holomua o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, ke hoʻololi mālie nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā plastics pili i ke kaiapuni i ko mākou hilinaʻi ʻana i nā plastics kuʻuna, a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana plastics i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻoi aku ka hoʻomau.