ʻO ka Polycarbonate (PC) he kaulahao mole i loaʻa i ka hui carbonate, e like me ka molecular structure me nā pūʻulu ester like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, nona ka waiwai kūpono loa o ka hui aromatic, a me ka bisphenol A type polycarbonate, ka nui o ke kaumaha molecular kaumaha (Mw) ma 20-100,000.

Kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi PC

He ikaika maikaʻi ka Polycarbonate, paʻakikī, ʻokoʻa, wela a me ke anuanu, hana maʻalahi, pale ahi a me nā hana holoʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka noi nui o lalo o nā mea uila, pepa a me nā kaʻa, ʻo kēia mau ʻoihana ʻekolu e pili ana i ka 80% o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polycarbonate, nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā ʻāpana mīkini ʻenehana, CD-ROM, packaging, nā lako keʻena, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me ke olakino, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nā leʻaleʻa a me nā lako pale o ka nui o nā lako hana. ʻelima ʻenekinia plastics i ka ʻāpana ulu wikiwiki loa.

I ka makahiki 2020, ka mana hana PC honua ma kahi o 5.88 miliona tons, ka mana hana PC o Kina o 1.94 miliona tons / makahiki, hana ʻia ma kahi o 960,000 tons, aʻo ka ʻai ʻana o ka polycarbonate ma Kina i ka makahiki 2020 a hiki i 2.34 miliona tons, aia kahi āpau o kahi kokoke i 1.38 miliona mau tons. ʻO ka noi nui o ka mākeke ua hoʻokomo i nā hoʻopukapuka he nui e hoʻonui i ka hana, ua manaʻo ʻia he nui nā papahana PC e kūkulu ʻia ana a hoʻolālā ʻia ma Kina i ka manawa like, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana o ka home ma mua o 3 miliona tons / makahiki i nā makahiki ʻekolu e hiki mai ana.

No laila, he aha nā kaʻina hana o PC? He aha ka moʻolelo hoʻomohala o PC ma ka home a ma waho? He aha nā mea hana PC nui ma Kina? A laila, hana pōkole mākou i kahi pulu.

PC ekolu mainstream hana kaʻina hana

Interfacial polycondensation photogas method, molten ester exchange method and non-photogas molten ester exchange kaʻina hana nui ʻekolu ma ka ʻoihana PC.
Kiʻi Kiʻi
1. Interfacial polycondensation phosgene ala

ʻO ia ka hopena o ka phosgene i loko o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe inert a me ka wai o ka sodium hydroxide solution o bisphenol A e hana i ka polycarbonate kaumaha molekala liʻiliʻi, a laila condensed i polycarbonate molecular kiʻekiʻe. I ka manawa hoʻokahi, ma kahi o 90% o nā huahana polycarbonate ʻoihana i hana ʻia e kēia ʻano.

ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o ka interfacial polycondensation phosgene method PC he kiʻekiʻe molecular weight, hiki ke hiki i 1.5 ~ 2 * 105, a me nā huahana maʻemaʻe, nā waiwai optical maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hydrolysis, a me ka hana maʻalahi. ʻO ka hemahema, ʻo ke kaʻina hana polymerization e pono ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā phosgene ʻona nui a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe e like me ka methylene chloride, ka mea e hoʻohaumia ai i ke kaiapuni.

Hoʻokumu mua ʻia ke ʻano hoʻololi o ka ester hoʻoheheʻe, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ontogenic polymerization, e Bayer, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka bisphenol A me ka diphenyl carbonate (Diphenyl Carbonate, DPC), ma ke kiʻekiʻe wela, kiʻekiʻe vacuum, catalyst presence state for ester exchange, pre-condensation, condensation reaction.

Wahi a nā mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana DPC, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke ʻano hoʻololi ester hoʻoheheʻe kuʻuna (ʻike ʻia ʻo ke ʻano photogas indirect) a me ke ʻano hoʻololi ester non-photogas molten ester.

2. ʻO ke ʻano hoʻololi ester hoʻoheheʻe kuʻuna

Ua māhele ʻia i 2 mau ʻanuʻu: (1) phosgene + phenol → DPC; (2) DPC + BPA → PC, kahi hana phosgene indirect.

He pōkole ke kaʻina hana, solvent-free, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai hana ma mua o ke kaʻina hana condensation phosgene, akā ke hoʻohana mau nei ke kaʻina hana o DPC i ka phosgene, a aia ka huahana DPC i nā pūʻulu chloroformate, e hoʻopilikia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana hope o ka PC, kahi i kaupalena ʻia ai ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke kaʻina hana.

3. Non-phosgene molten ester hana hoʻololi

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano i nā ʻanuʻu 2: (1) DMC + phenol → DPC; (2) DPC + BPA → PC, e hoʻohana ana i ka dimethyl carbonate DMC ma ke ʻano he mea maka a me ka phenol e synthesize DPC.

Hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia ka phenol ma ka huahana mai ka hoʻololi ester a me ka condensation i ka synthesis o ke kaʻina hana DPC, no laila e ʻike ai i ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i nā mea a me ka hoʻokele waiwai maikaʻi; ma muli o ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā mea maka, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻomaloʻo a holoi ʻia ka huahana, a maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka huahana. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ke kaʻina hana i ka phosgene, pili kaiapuni, a he ala kaʻina hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā koi aupuni no ka palekana a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni o nā ʻoihana petrochemical a me ka palena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka phosgene, ʻo ka ʻenehana non-phosgene molten ester exchange e hoʻololi mālie i ke ʻano polycondensation interfacial i ka wā e hiki mai ana e like me ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana hana PC ma ka honua.