ʻO MMA, i ʻike piha ʻia ʻo methyl methacrylate, he mea waiwai nui ia no ka hana ʻana i ka polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea i ʻike maʻamau ʻia he acrylic. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻoponopono ʻoihana PMMA, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana MMA i hope. Wahi a ka noiʻi, ʻekolu mau kaʻina hana nui o ka MMA, ʻo ia ka acetone cyanohydrin method (ACH method), ethylene carbonylation method and isobutylene oxidation method (C4 method). I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ʻano ACH a me C4 i nā ʻoihana hana Kina, a ʻaʻohe ʻāpana hana ʻenehana no ke ʻano ethylene carbonylation.

ʻO kā mākou noiʻi ʻana i ke kaulahao waiwai MMA e nānā i nā kaʻina hana ʻekolu ma luna aʻe a me ka halo kumu kūʻai PMMA lalo.

Kiʻi 1 Ka pakuhi o ke kaulahao ʻoihana MMA me nā kaʻina hana like ʻole (Kumu kiʻi: ʻOihana Kimia)

ʻOihana kaulahao I: ACH ala MMA kaulahao waiwai
I ke kaʻina hana o ke ʻano ACH MMA, ʻo ka acetone a me ka waika hydrocyanic ka waiwai nui, kahi i hana ʻia ai ka waika hydrocyanic e ka huahana o ka acrylonitrile, a me ka methanol kōkua, no laila ke hoʻohana mau nei ka ʻoihana i ka acetone, acrylonitrile a me ka methanol e like me ke kumukūʻai e helu ai. hoʻohui ʻia o nā mea maka. Ma waena o lākou, 0.69 tons o ka acetone a me 0,32 tons o acrylonitrile a me 0.35 tons o ka methanol i helu ʻia e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana. Ma ke kumu kūʻai o ke ʻano ACH MMA, ʻo ke kumu kūʻai o ka acetone ka hapa nui loa, a ukali ʻia e ka waika hydrocyanic i hana ʻia e ka huahana o ka acrylonitrile, a me nā helu methanol no ka hapa liʻiliʻi loa.

Wahi a ka ho'āʻo hoʻoponopono kumukūʻai o ka acetone, ka methanol a me ka acrylonitrile i nā makahiki ʻekolu i hala iho nei, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka correlation o ke ʻano ACH MMA me ka acetone ma kahi o 19%, me ka methanol ma kahi o 57% a e like me ka acrylonitrile ma kahi o 18%. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia aia he ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia a me ke kumukūʻai ma MMA, kahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai ka ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe o ka acetone no ke kumukūʻai o MMA i kāna mau kumukūʻai kūʻai ma nā kumukūʻai kūʻai o ke ʻano ACH MMA, ʻoiai ke kumukūʻai fluctuations. ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka methanol i ke kumukūʻai o MMA ma mua o ka acetone.

Eia naʻe, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka methanol aia ma kahi o 7% wale nō, a ʻo ke kumu kūʻai o ka acetone ma kahi o 26%. No ke aʻo ʻana i ke kaulahao waiwai o MMA, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nānā ʻana i nā loli kumukūʻai o ka acetone.

Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ke kaulahao waiwai o ACH MMA ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o ka acetone a me ka methanol, ma waena o ka acetone ka hopena nui loa i ka waiwai o MMA.

ʻOihana kaulahao II: C4 ala MMA kaulahao waiwai

No ke kaulahao waiwai o ke kaʻina C4 MMA, ʻo kāna mau mea maka he isobutylene a me ka methanol, a ma waena o ka isobutylene he huahana isobutylene maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, e loaʻa mai ana mai ka hana hoʻoheheʻe MTBE. A ʻo ka methanol kahi huahana methanol ʻoihana, mai ka hana lanahu.

Wahi a ke kumu kūʻai o C4 MMA, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka isobutene kumu kūʻai hoʻololi he 0.82 a ʻo ka methanol he 0.35. Me ka holomua o nā mea a pau i ka ʻenehana hana, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻāpana i ka 0,8 i ka ʻoihana, kahi i hoʻemi ai i ke kumukūʻai o C4 MMA i kekahi ʻano. ʻO ke koena he mau koina paʻa, e like me ka wai, ka uila a me ke kinoea, nā kumukūʻai kālā, nā kumukūʻai hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Ma kēia, ʻo ka mahele o ka isobutylene maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe i ke kumukūʻai o MMA ma kahi o 58%, a ʻo ka hapa o ka methanol i ke kumukūʻai o MMA ma kahi o 6%. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka isobutene ke kumukūʻai hoʻololi nui loa ma C4 MMA, kahi i loaʻa ai ka hopena o ke kumukūʻai o isobutene i ke kumukūʻai o C4 MMA.

Hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka hopena o ke kaulahao waiwai no ka isobutene maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe i ke kumukūʻai kūʻai o MTBE, e hoʻopau ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o 1.57 a ʻoi aku ka nui o 80% o ke kumukūʻai no ka isobutene maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o MTBE mai ka methanol a me ka pre-ether C4, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻopili ʻia ka haku o ka pre-ether C4 i ka meaʻai no ke kaulahao waiwai.

Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hiki ke hana ʻia ka isobutene maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe e ka tert-butanol dehydration, a e hoʻohana kekahi mau ʻoihana i ka tert-butanol ma ke kumu no ka helu ʻana i nā kumukūʻai MMA, a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka tert-butanol he 1.52. E like me ka helu ʻana o ka tert-butanol 6200 yuan / ton, ʻo ka tert-butanol ka helu ma kahi o 70% o ke kumukūʻai MMA, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka isobutene.

I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, inā hoʻohana ʻia ke kumu kūʻai o ka tert-butanol, ka loli o ke kaulahao waiwai o ke ʻano C4 MMA, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka tert-butanol ma mua o ka isobutene.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ma C4 MMA, ua helu ʻia ke kaumaha o ka mana no ka loli ʻana o ka waiwai mai ke kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa: tert-butanol, isobutene, MTBE, methanol, ʻaila ʻaila.

ʻOihana kaulahao III: Ethylene carbonylation MMA kaulahao waiwai

ʻAʻohe hihia hana ʻenehana o MMA e ka ethylene carbonylation ma Kina, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hopena o ka fluctuation waiwai e ka hana ʻoihana maoli. Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ethylene i ka ethylene carbonylation, ʻo ka ethylene ka hopena nui o ke kumukūʻai ma ka MMA kumu kūʻai o kēia kaʻina hana, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o 85%.

 
Kaʻina hana IV: kaulahao waiwai PMMA

ʻO PMMA, ʻo ia ka huahana lalo o MMA, ʻoi aku ma mua o 70% o ka ʻai makahiki o MMA.

Ma muli o ke kaulahao waiwai o PMMA, kahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka MMA he 0.93, helu ʻia ʻo MMA e like me 13,400 yuan/ton a helu ʻia ʻo PMMA e like me 15,800 yuan/ton, ʻo ke kumukūʻai hoʻololi o MMA ma nā moʻolelo PMMA no kahi. 79%, he pākēneka kiʻekiʻe.

I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke kumukūʻai kūʻai o MMA he mana ikaika i ka fluctuation waiwai o PMMA, ʻo ia ka mana correlation ikaika. Wahi a ka pilina o ke kumukūʻai ma waena o nā makahiki ʻekolu i hala iho nei, ʻoi aku ka pilina ma waena o nā mea ʻelua ma mua o 82%, nona ka mana o ka pilina ikaika. No laila, ʻo ke kumukūʻai kūʻai o MMA e hoʻololi i ke kumukūʻai o ka PMMA ma ke ala like me kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe.